Material Safety Data Sheet – 1,4-Dibromobenzene

Identification

Product Name: 1,4-Dibromobenzene
Synonyms: p-Dibromobenzene, para-Dibromobenzene
Chemical Formula: C6H4Br2
CAS Number: 106-37-6
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemicals, organic synthesis, chemical manufacturing
Supplier Information: Reach out to chemical distributors with transparent supply chain records and strict handling policies, direct contacts for safety staff, and up-to-date documentation.

Hazard Identification

GHSS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Skin and eye irritant
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Causes irritation to skin and eyes. May cause respiratory irritation and potential damage after prolonged exposure.
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective equipment, avoid breathing dust and fumes, wash thoroughly after handling, store in ventilated space, contain spills immediately.

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 1,4-Dibromobenzene
Purity: Over 99% active ingredient
Impurities: Minor traces of monochlorides, possible halogenated byproducts from manufacturing origins
Molecular Weight: 235.91 g/mol

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep warm and calm, seek medical attention if symptoms like coughing or shortness of breath continue beyond a few minutes.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse thoroughly under running water with soap for at least 20 minutes, do not use solvents, watch for persistent irritation.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently for 15 minutes or longer, lift upper and lower eyelids, remove contact lenses if present, seek immediate medical help if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, get medical advice quickly, be ready to share product details with responders.
Most Important Symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose, throat, red skin, gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting).

Fire-Fighting Measures

Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray, but avoid high-pressure water.
Hazards from Combustion: Releases toxic and corrosive gases like hydrogen bromide, bromine fumes, and phosgene on burning.
Protective Equipment: Wear full firefighting gear, chemical-resistant boots and gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Firefighting Precautions: Cool surrounding containers with water, isolate area from unnecessary personnel, keep upwind, prevent runoff from entering drains.

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, avoid direct contact, wear protective clothing including gloves and eye protection, limit exposure to dust particles.
Environmental Precautions: Keep material from entering sewers, waterways, and soil, collect spillage quickly using inert absorbent like vermiculite, seal in appropriate containers.
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up or vacuum without generating dust, place collected material into clearly labeled waste drums, wash surfaces using plenty of water avoiding recontamination, manage residues in line with disposal regulations.

Handling and Storage

Safe Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas, avoid inhalation of dust, keep away from heat, flames, and sparks, use spark-proof tools, close lids firmly after use, look out for any leaks or damaged containers.
Storage Requirements: Store in dry, cool, tightly closed containers, separate from oxidizing agents and bases, keep in designated chemical storage areas with secondary containment, rotate stock to manage shelf life.

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, local exhaust ventilation, and clean air monitoring systems.
Personal Protection: Wear gloves made from nitrile, neoprene or PVC, chemical splash goggles, lab coats, and approved dust masks or respirators, do not reuse disposable protection, remove and clean clothing after handling.
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits for 1,4-Dibromobenzene, keeping exposure as low as possible matters, especially in confined spaces.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: White crystalline solid with a mild aromatic odor
Melting Point: 86 °C
Boiling Point: 220-223 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.015 mmHg at 25 °C
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ether, benzene, alcohol
Density: 2.23 g/cm³
Flash Point: Over 110 °C (closed cup)
Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 4.3
Odor Threshold: Low, but untested in most regulatory frameworks

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under standard conditions, reacts with strong oxidizing agents, bases, and metals.
Hazardous Reactions: May generate hydrogen bromide and bromine fumes if exposed to heat.
Incompatibilities: Avoid storing with oxidizers and strong alkalis, keep away from sources of ignition.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen bromide, carbon oxides, bromine gas.

Toxicological Information

Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats: 575 mg/kg. Dermal and inhalation exposure may lead to headaches, nausea, dizziness, allergic reactions, and respiratory discomfort.
Chronic Toxicity: Repeated or prolonged exposure can damage skin or cause respiratory problems such as coughing and asthma, effects may compound with other halogenated organics.
Irritation: Causes eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritation.
Carcinogenicity: No data from IARC or NTP suggesting carcinogenicity in humans, but animal studies indicate risks from high exposures.
Sensitization: Skin and respiratory tract sensitization possible after ongoing exposure.
Additive Effects: Combined exposure with similar compounds intensifies toxicity risk, especially in poorly ventilated settings.

Ecological Information

Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, can accumulate in sediments and enter food chain, causes damage to fish and invertebrates over time.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent in soil and water, breaks down slowly under natural conditions, greater risk in communities with weak water treatment practices.
Bioaccumulation: Potential for bioaccumulation due to high log Kow value.
Mobility: Low water solubility, tends to stay in soil or settle out in aquatic environments.
Environmental Impact: Spills threaten local habitats and groundwater, long-term accumulation impacts ecosystems around disposal sites.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Treatment: Gather waste in secure, chemically compatible containers, label accurately, keep liquid and solid waste separate.
Disposal Methods: Use certified hazardous waste disposal services, do not dump into drains or environment, incinerate with proper scrubbers to manage toxic gases.
Recycling: Seek recovery options if industrial capacity exists, review with local authorities.
Contaminated Packaging: Clean containers before recycling or disposal, manage rinsate as hazardous waste, document all disposal procedures.

Transport Information

UN Number: 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.)
UN Proper Shipping Name: 1,4-Dibromobenzene
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Transport Precautions: Use sealed containers, handle with care to avoid spillage, report lost or leaking packs immediately, check with carriers for local restrictions.

Regulatory Information

TSCA Status: Listed
DSL/NDSL Status: Listed in Canada
EU REACH Status: Registration required, may face restriction in certain regions
Hazard Communication Label: Clearly mark workplace containers, issue training for exposed staff, keep up with national and international updates.
Workplace Safety Requirements: Follow OSHA lab standard, local workplace regulations, update workplace MSDS folders annually or after any new evidence emerges.
SARA Title III: Not listed as an extremely hazardous substance, still reportable if spill reaches EPA thresholds.