2-Bromobutane: Properties, Structure, and Material Safety

What is 2-Bromobutane?

2-Bromobutane stands out in organic chemistry as an important halogenated compound used both in industry and academic research. This clear, colorless liquid doesn’t just rest on lab shelves—it finds its way into production processes, synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and the preparation of other organobromine compounds. Folks who handle chemical manufacturing often run into this chemical as it participates in nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions, building blocks for more complex molecules. Its reputation as a good alkylating agent comes from its reactivity, especially in forming carbon-carbon bonds.

Physical and Chemical Properties

2-Bromobutane lays out straightforward specs: its molecular formula is C4H9Br, with a molar mass of about 137.02 g/mol. Its structure consists of a four-carbon butane chain with a bromine atom hanging off the second carbon. This makes the molecule chiral, leading to enantiomers, an aspect that matters to researchers working in stereo-specific synthesis. The density settles around 1.263 g/mL at 20°C, so it feels a little heavier than water. This compound boils close to 91 to 92°C and freezes around -112°C—a wide liquid range, giving it some flexibility in various reaction conditions. Not known for forming powders or flakes, 2-bromobutane keeps its promise as a liquid under normal lab temperatures. Its refractive index, measured at 1.437–1.440, signals good purity for applications requiring analytical accuracy. While clear as glass, its aromatic-like, sweet odor lingers—a reminder that it demands ventilation and care, not just curiosity.

Specifications and HS Code

For anyone placing an order or tracking supply chains, the Harmonized System (HS) Code for 2-bromobutane slots neatly under 2903.30, which deals with halogenated butanes. Purity levels go up based on production method and final use, with industrial supply often guaranteeing at least 98% purity. The compound arrives in robust drums or sealed containers, each labeled with batch information and compositional breakdown to keep with regulatory and safety standards. Beyond the lab, it’s about ensuring traceability, especially when dealing with customs and international shipment documentation.

Material Handling: Safety and Hazards

Safe handling of 2-bromobutane becomes a matter of habit and policy. Direct contact can irritate skin and eyes, while its fumes challenge your respiratory tract much like other volatile organobromines. Prolonged exposure, especially in poorly ventilated areas, brings headaches, dizziness, or even central nervous system depression. Wearing gloves, goggles, and working in fume hoods doesn’t just tick a box; these steps help keep everyone out of urgent care. The chemical holds a harmful rating with warnings attached—its Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) set clear instructions for storage and spill procedure. In the event of leaks or accidental skin contact, washing immediately with running water and seeking medical attention should never be delayed. Fire hazards remain moderate as the flash point stands near 20°C; carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguishers handle these emergencies better than water, emphasizing the need for the right safety kit nearby.

Role in Chemical Raw Materials and Synthesis

In the world of chemical synthesis, 2-bromobutane plays an integral role. It acts as both a raw material and as an intermediate in the assembly of valuable end products. Chemists value it for how easily the bromine can be swapped for other groups via substitution. That’s not just book learning—the process supports the large-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and agrochemicals, creating jobs and reputation for reliability in companies that use it. As an intermediate, it helps bridge the gap between basic hydrocarbons and functional molecules, paving routes for designers of new materials, fragrances, and performance chemicals.

Concerns and Pathways to Safer Handling

Living with hazardous chemicals in industry or academia carries responsibility. The toxicity and volatility of 2-bromobutane remind us that safety practices should evolve alongside increased awareness. I’ve seen experienced researchers skip steps out of habit and pay the price in minor, sometimes avoidable, incidents. Practical solutions start with automation in dispensing and tighter air extraction systems, pushing down inhalation risk. Regular safety training doesn’t just get signed off—for many, a direct demonstration of spill management sticks better than dry recitation. From my time in quality control, I’ve seen how proper labeling and double-checking identity prevent cross-contamination or mistaken identity, especially when handling multiple halogenated compounds. Investing in safer packaging and transport, using leak-proof drums and clear hazard communication, reduces shipment mishaps. Choosing greener synthesis methods, where possible, limits the need for toxic intermediates, promising both environmental and health gains over time.

Conclusion: Value, Hazards, and a Push Toward Responsible Use

2-Bromobutane has earned its place as a staple in synthesis and material science, but it demands respect from those who work with it. Clear communication, personal responsibility, and ongoing education create safer workplaces and sustainable supply chains. As the chemical industry shifts toward transparency and repeatedly proves its commitment to safety, tighter controls, and the adoption of less hazardous alternatives where possible stand as the next logical steps for all involved in handling this essential chemical material.